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Introduction:
Nestled along the banks of the Mandovi River in Goa, India, lies the historic city of Old Goa. Once a vibrant capital during the Portuguese rule, Old Goa, also known as Velha Goa, was founded in the 15th century and served as the administrative center of Portuguese India for nearly 300 years. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination, attracting travelers from all around the globe. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the rich history of Old Goa, explore its famous landmarks, discuss nearby cities, transportation options, and provide a detailed itinerary for visitors to make the most of their trip.
Historical Significance of Old Goa:
Old Goa was once a bustling city, adorned with majestic churches, convents, and palaces that were constructed during the Portuguese reign. The city witnessed its golden age during the 16th and 17th centuries, when it was known as the "Rome of the East." The architectural grandeur and cultural richness of the city attracted travelers from far and wide, establishing it as a prominent center of trade, religion, and culture.
The Famous Landmarks of Old Goa:
1. Basilica of Bom Jesus: One of the most famous landmarks in Old Goa is the Basilica of Bom Jesus. Constructed in the 16th century, this magnificent church is renowned for housing the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, a revered Catholic saint. The baroque architecture, exquisite interior artwork, and the silver casket containing the saint's relics make it a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.
2. Se Cathedral: Another iconic structure in Old Goa is the Se Cathedral, dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria. Built in the 16th century, it is one of the largest churches in Asia, boasting a stunning blend of Portuguese-Manueline and Gothic architectural styles. The gilded reredos behind the main altar and the huge Golden Bell are some of the highlights of this majestic church.
3. Church of St. Francis of Assisi: The Church of St. Francis of Assisi, constructed in the 17th century, is an exquisite example of Portuguese architectural excellence. Its intricately carved entrance, elegant interiors, and the adjoining Archaeological Museum showcasing artifacts from pre-Portuguese era make it a must-visit destination.
4. Raj Bhavan: The Raj Bhavan, which served as the summer residence of the Portuguese Viceroys, is a splendid palace located in Old Goa. Built in the 17th century, it is an architectural marvel, showcasing a perfect blend of European and Indian design elements. Though not open to the public, visitors can admire the palace's stunning facade from outside.
Nearby Cities:
While Old Goa is a remarkable destination in its own right, there are several neighboring cities and towns that offer additional exploration opportunities. Some of the cities near Old Goa that are worth visiting include:
1. Panaji: Located merely 10 kilometers away from Old Goa, Panaji, the capital city of Goa, is a vibrant and picturesque destination. With its colonial charm, colorful houses, stunning waterfront, and bustling markets, Panaji allows visitors to soak up the Goanese culture and enjoy a leisurely stroll along its quaint streets.
2. Margao: situated approximately 30 kilometers from Old Goa, Margao is the second-largest city in Goa and is renowned for its rich heritage, colonial-style mansions, and vibrant markets. Visitors can explore the Margao Municipal Garden, the famous Damodar Temple, and sample delectable Goan cuisine in the city's numerous restaurants.
3. Vasco da Gama: Nestled around 30 kilometers from Old Goa, Vasco da Gama is Goa's largest city. Although primarily known for its international airport and seaport, Vasco da Gama also offers architectural gems like the St. Andrew's Church and the Naval Aviation Museum, making it an interesting city to explore.
Transportation Options:
Reaching Old Goa is fairly convenient due to its close proximity to major transportation hubs. Here are some transportation options for visitors coming to Old Goa:
1. By Air: The nearest airport to Old Goa is the Goa International Airport, also known as Dabolim Airport, located approximately 30 kilometers away. From the airport, visitors can hire a taxi or take a pre-paid cab to reach Old Goa.
2. By Rail: Goa has two major railheads - Madgaon Railway Station and Vasco da Gama Railway Station. Visitors can take a train to either of these stations and then hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Old Goa.
3. By Road: Old Goa is well connected by road, with regular bus services operating from major cities in Goa as well as neighboring states. Visitors can also hire a taxi or rent a car to reach Old Goa.
Bus Services from Old Goa:
Old Goa has a well-developed bus service that connects it to various destinations within Goa and neighboring states. The Old Goa Bus Stand is centrally located and has regular services to cities like Panaji, Margao, Vasco da Gama, and other major towns in Goa. The Goa State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) operates both government and private buses, offering visitors a convenient and affordable mode of transportation.
Old Goa Bus Stand Time Table:
The bus timings from the Old Goa Bus Stand may vary depending on the destination and the season. However, the overall frequency of buses is good, with buses operating from early morning till late evening. It is always advisable for visitors to check the exact timings and schedules either through the GSRTC website or by contacting the local bus stand authorities for the most up-to-date information.
Conclusion:
Old Goa, with its rich history, awe-inspiring architecture, and cultural significance, is a destination that truly takes you back in time. Walking through the narrow, winding streets of this UNESCO World Heritage Site is like stepping into a bygone era, where every corner has a story to tell. From its magnificent churches to its colonial heritage, Old Goa offers a unique and enchanting experience for travelers seeking to explore the rich tapestry of Goan history and culture. So pack your bags, plan your itinerary, and get ready to embark on a memorable journey to Old Goa - a city that will leave an indelible mark on your heart and mind.
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